Erin mRNA and the Ical processes [28]. IL-6 enhances the production of CRP and TNF-a in phosphorylation of Ecadherin were determined in Essed between all patients (groups HAT-1 and HAT-2) and the control BGC823 and SGC7901 cells with PKM2 depletion to assess whether the observed difference in Ecadherin expression occurred pre- or post-translationally. We observed the down-regulation of E-cadherin mRNA and increased phosphorylation, which induces the endocytosis of E-cadherin, in PKM2-depleted cells (Fig. 2A, B). We also found that the expression level of the N-cadherin protein was increased in the BGC823 and SGC7901 cell lines when PKM2 was depleted (Fig. 2A). Cell migration and invasion are largely regulated by EGFR activity. To analyze whether the EGFR is involved in the migration and invasion of BGC823 and SGC7901 cells, these cells were treated with EGF, which binds to the EGFR and activates the downstream signaling pathways. The EGF treatment resulted in the phosphorylation of the EGFR and the subsequent activation of the PLCc1, AKT and ERK1/2 pathways (Fig. 2C). We found that PLC c1 had a higher level of activity in PKM2depleted cells than in un-depleted cells after either a short or long (24 h) incubation with EGF. However, there was no marked difference in AKT activity between the PKM2-depleted cells and un-depleted cells. PLCc is a key regulator of cell migration downstream of RTK signaling [11]. Phosphorylation on tyrosine residue 783 of PLCc1 is 16985061 critical to its activation [12]. PLCc1 activation enhanced cell motility, and this effect was observed in the wound scratch and transwell assays, as observed in Fig. 1C. We next investigated the effect of an EGFR ligand on the expression of MMPs using RT-PCR in BGC823-sipk and SGC7901-sipk cells compared with their respective control cells. Treatment with the EGFR ligand, EGF, enhanced the expression of MMPs at the level of transcription in BGC823 and SGC7901 cells. However, there were no obvious differences in the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 between PKM2-depleted cells and their control cells (data not shown). MMP7 expression was upregulated in PKM2-depleted cells with EGF treatment (Fig. 2D). The ERK/MAPK pathways play critical roles in EGFR ligandinduced MMP7 expression. Furthermore, an obvious increase in ERK1/2 activity was observed 23148522 after 0 h and 24 h of treatment with EGF in PKM2-depleted cells.ImmunohistochemistryFour-micron-thick paraffin sections were either stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H E) or analyzed for PKM2, p-ERK1/2 and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was performed according to the procedures that were recommended by the manufacturer. The reactions were visualized using diaminobenzidine as a chromogenic substrate. The sections were counterstained using hematoxylin and then cleared and mounted. The mean density (IOD/area) was detected in different positive areas of the 15 human gastric cancer specimens using Image-pro Plus software.Statistical AnalysesStatistical analyses were performed using SPSS v13.0 (SPSS, Inc.) software. The Independent-Samples T Test and correlation analysis were used to compare the data. All values are expressed as the means 6 SD. The differences were considered statistically significant at P,0.05.Results Depletion of PKM2 Promoted Cell Migration and Invasion in BGC823 and SGC7901 Cells with EGF StimulationThe expression of the PKM2 protein in the gastric cancer cell lines BGC823, SGC7901 and AGS was evaluated using Western blot analysis. These cell lines showed a high level of PKM2 expression. Then, stable gastric cancer cell lines.Erin mRNA and the phosphorylation of Ecadherin were determined in BGC823 and SGC7901 cells with PKM2 depletion to assess whether the observed difference in Ecadherin expression occurred pre- or post-translationally. We observed the down-regulation of E-cadherin mRNA and increased phosphorylation, which induces the endocytosis of E-cadherin, in PKM2-depleted cells (Fig. 2A, B). We also found that the expression level of the N-cadherin protein was increased in the BGC823 and SGC7901 cell lines when PKM2 was depleted (Fig. 2A). Cell migration and invasion are largely regulated by EGFR activity. To analyze whether the EGFR is involved in the migration and invasion of BGC823 and SGC7901 cells, these cells were treated with EGF, which binds to the EGFR and activates the downstream signaling pathways. The EGF treatment resulted in the phosphorylation of the EGFR and the subsequent activation of the PLCc1, AKT and ERK1/2 pathways (Fig. 2C). We found that PLC c1 had a higher level of activity in PKM2depleted cells than in un-depleted cells after either a short or long (24 h) incubation with EGF. However, there was no marked difference in AKT activity between the PKM2-depleted cells and un-depleted cells. PLCc is a key regulator of cell migration downstream of RTK signaling [11]. Phosphorylation on tyrosine residue 783 of PLCc1 is 16985061 critical to its activation [12]. PLCc1 activation enhanced cell motility, and this effect was observed in the wound scratch and transwell assays, as observed in Fig. 1C. We next investigated the effect of an EGFR ligand on the expression of MMPs using RT-PCR in BGC823-sipk and SGC7901-sipk cells compared with their respective control cells. Treatment with the EGFR ligand, EGF, enhanced the expression of MMPs at the level of transcription in BGC823 and SGC7901 cells. However, there were no obvious differences in the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 between PKM2-depleted cells and their control cells (data not shown). MMP7 expression was upregulated in PKM2-depleted cells with EGF treatment (Fig. 2D). The ERK/MAPK pathways play critical roles in EGFR ligandinduced MMP7 expression. Furthermore, an obvious increase in ERK1/2 activity was observed 23148522 after 0 h and 24 h of treatment with EGF in PKM2-depleted cells.ImmunohistochemistryFour-micron-thick paraffin sections were either stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H E) or analyzed for PKM2, p-ERK1/2 and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was performed according to the procedures that were recommended by the manufacturer. The reactions were visualized using diaminobenzidine as a chromogenic substrate. The sections were counterstained using hematoxylin and then cleared and mounted. The mean density (IOD/area) was detected in different positive areas of the 15 human gastric cancer specimens using Image-pro Plus software.Statistical AnalysesStatistical analyses were performed using SPSS v13.0 (SPSS, Inc.) software. The Independent-Samples T Test and correlation analysis were used to compare the data. All values are expressed as the means 6 SD. The differences were considered statistically significant at P,0.05.Results Depletion of PKM2 Promoted Cell Migration and Invasion in BGC823 and SGC7901 Cells with EGF StimulationThe expression of the PKM2 protein in the gastric cancer cell lines BGC823, SGC7901 and AGS was evaluated using Western blot analysis. These cell lines showed a high level of PKM2 expression. Then, stable gastric cancer cell lines.
