Methylation of CBS in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Thus, the suppression of CBS by promoter methylation, instead of genetic alterations, would also result in a disturbance of methyl-group metabolism andcontribute to cancer development with increased DNA damage by oxidative stress, impairing antioxidant capacity, and dysregulating DNA methylation. However, CBS methylation was not associated with recurrence in our cohort of patients with stage II CRC. We suggest that larger cohorts of patients are necessary to study this potential association with sufficient statistical power. The prognostic value of KRAS mutations in patients with CRC remains controversial. A study by Roth et al. suggested that the prognostic 18334597 value for KRAS mutation status for PFS and OS was lacking in patients with stage II and III resected colon cancer [35]. However, it has been reported that stage III patients Thiazole Orange manufacturer having KRAS mutations displayed significantly worse disease-free survival compared with those having wild-type KRAS [36]. More order Eliglustat importantly, few studies have differentiated KRAS mutations at codon 12 from those at codon 13 with respect to clinicopathological features and survival [37?0]. In this study, we could not identify KRAS mutation status as a prognostic factor for relapse or metastasis in patients with stage II resected CRC. Instead, we found that CBS methylation was significantly associated with KRAS mutations. This feature is in line with a previous report showing that CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is associated with KRAS mutations [41]. In summary, the salient finding from this study is that CBS is suppressed by promoter methylation in colorectal and gastric cancers. We found that the methylation-mediated silencing of CBS could be reversed by genetic or pharmacologic demethylation, suggesting that CBS functions as a tumor suppressor in these cancer types. The deregulation of CBS and its association with a malignant tumor phenotype is potentially associated to the crucial role of CBS in methionine metabolism and the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis. Our study warrants further analysis of CBS as an epigenetic biomarker for the molecular diagnosis of CRC and gastric cancer.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Professors Qian Tao and Jing Wang for useful comments and technical support, and Drs Sergio Rey and Yuan Qiao for critical editing for this manuscript. We also thank Dr. Bert Vogelstein for the HCT116DKO cell line and Dr. Keith Robertson for DNA samples of some CRC cell lines.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: 1407003 HZ JC JY. Performed the experiments: HZ QL JW XS KMN TQ. Analyzed the data: HZ JW JC JY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LW LS YL. Wrote the paper: JW JY.CBS Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Pili are hair-like organelles on the surface of bacteria. They are essential for functions such as biofilm formation, host-pathogen interactions and attachment to surfaces. Gram-negative pili are well studied both regarding structure and function [1,2] whereas less is known about the structure, function and bioassembly of Gram-positive pili, even though they were first described decades ago [3]. However, during the last few years Gram-positive pilin structures from C. diphtheriae [4], Actinomyces oris [5], Streptococcus pyogenes [6,7,8], Streptococcus pneumoniae [9,10,11,12], Streptococcus agalactiae [13,14] and Bacillus cereus [15] have been described. In short the Gram-positiv.Methylation of CBS in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Thus, the suppression of CBS by promoter methylation, instead of genetic alterations, would also result in a disturbance of methyl-group metabolism andcontribute to cancer development with increased DNA damage by oxidative stress, impairing antioxidant capacity, and dysregulating DNA methylation. However, CBS methylation was not associated with recurrence in our cohort of patients with stage II CRC. We suggest that larger cohorts of patients are necessary to study this potential association with sufficient statistical power. The prognostic value of KRAS mutations in patients with CRC remains controversial. A study by Roth et al. suggested that the prognostic 18334597 value for KRAS mutation status for PFS and OS was lacking in patients with stage II and III resected colon cancer [35]. However, it has been reported that stage III patients having KRAS mutations displayed significantly worse disease-free survival compared with those having wild-type KRAS [36]. More importantly, few studies have differentiated KRAS mutations at codon 12 from those at codon 13 with respect to clinicopathological features and survival [37?0]. In this study, we could not identify KRAS mutation status as a prognostic factor for relapse or metastasis in patients with stage II resected CRC. Instead, we found that CBS methylation was significantly associated with KRAS mutations. This feature is in line with a previous report showing that CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is associated with KRAS mutations [41]. In summary, the salient finding from this study is that CBS is suppressed by promoter methylation in colorectal and gastric cancers. We found that the methylation-mediated silencing of CBS could be reversed by genetic or pharmacologic demethylation, suggesting that CBS functions as a tumor suppressor in these cancer types. The deregulation of CBS and its association with a malignant tumor phenotype is potentially associated to the crucial role of CBS in methionine metabolism and the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis. Our study warrants further analysis of CBS as an epigenetic biomarker for the molecular diagnosis of CRC and gastric cancer.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Professors Qian Tao and Jing Wang for useful comments and technical support, and Drs Sergio Rey and Yuan Qiao for critical editing for this manuscript. We also thank Dr. Bert Vogelstein for the HCT116DKO cell line and Dr. Keith Robertson for DNA samples of some CRC cell lines.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: 1407003 HZ JC JY. Performed the experiments: HZ QL JW XS KMN TQ. Analyzed the data: HZ JW JC JY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LW LS YL. Wrote the paper: JW JY.CBS Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Pili are hair-like organelles on the surface of bacteria. They are essential for functions such as biofilm formation, host-pathogen interactions and attachment to surfaces. Gram-negative pili are well studied both regarding structure and function [1,2] whereas less is known about the structure, function and bioassembly of Gram-positive pili, even though they were first described decades ago [3]. However, during the last few years Gram-positive pilin structures from C. diphtheriae [4], Actinomyces oris [5], Streptococcus pyogenes [6,7,8], Streptococcus pneumoniae [9,10,11,12], Streptococcus agalactiae [13,14] and Bacillus cereus [15] have been described. In short the Gram-positiv.
