Estern blot analysisAGS cells were co-50-14-6 site cultured with H. pylori strain 60190 or its isogenic mutants at an MOI of 100:1 for 2, 4, or 8 hours. Protein lysates were harvested using RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.2; 150 mM NaCl; 1 Triton X-100; and 0.1 SDS) containing protease (Roche) and phosphatase (Sigma) inhibitors and protein concentrations were determined by a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay (Pierce). Proteins (40 mg) were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred (Bio-Rad) to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF, Millipore). Human KLF5 protein expression was quantified using a rabbit polyclonal anti-KLF5 antibody (1:1000, Millipore). KLF5 expression was standardized to glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) using a mouse polyclonal anti-GAPDH antibody (1:5000, Millipore). Primary antibodies were detected using goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Protein levels 25331948 were visualized by Western Lightning Chemiluminescence Reagent Plus (PerkinElmer) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and then quantified by densitometry using the ChemiGenius Gel Bio Imaging System (Syngene).H. pylori strains and growth conditionsThe wild-type cag+ H. pylori strain 60190, or isogenic 60190 cagE2 (cag secretion system ATPase), cagA2 (cag secretion system effector protein), slt2 (soluble lytic transglycosylase, which decreases peptidoglycan synthesis), or vacA2 (vacuolating cytotoxin) mutants, and the wild-type rodent-adapted cag+ H. pylori strain PMSS1 or a PMSS1 cagE2 isogenic mutant were cultured on trypticase soy agar with 5 sheep blood agar JSI-124 plates (BD Biosciences) for in vitro passage, as previously described [19]. Isogenic mutants were also cultured on Brucella agar (BD Biosciences) plates containing 20 mg/ml kanamycin (Sigma) to confirm presence of the kanamycin antibiotic resistance cassette. H. pylori strains were then cultured in Brucella broth (BD Biosciences) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals) for 16 to 18 hours at 37uC with 5 CO2.Murine model of H. pylori infectionAll animal studies were carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approved all protocols and all efforts were made to minimize animal suffering. Male C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Harlan Laboratories and housed in the Vanderbilt University Animal Care Facilities in a room with a 12hour light-dark cycle at 21uC to 22uC. Mice were orogastrically challenged with Brucella broth, as an uninfected (UI) control, with the mouse-adapted wild-type cag+ H. pylori strain PMSS1, or with a PMSS1 cagE2 isogenic mutant. Mice were euthanized at 24, 48, orGastric epithelial cells and co-culture with H. pyloriAGS human gastric epithelial cells (ATCC), isolated from the stomach of a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma, were grown in RPMI 1640 (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals), L-glutamine (2 mM, BD Biosciences), and HEPES buffer (1 mM, Cellgro) at 37uC withKLF5 and H. Pylori-Mediated Gastric Carcinogenesis72 hours or 1, 4, or 8 weeks post-challenge and gastric tissue was harvested for quantitative culture, immunohistochemistry, and 26001275 flow cytometry.H. pylori quantitative cultureTo assess H. pylori colonization, one fourt.Estern blot analysisAGS cells were co-cultured with H. pylori strain 60190 or its isogenic mutants at an MOI of 100:1 for 2, 4, or 8 hours. Protein lysates were harvested using RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.2; 150 mM NaCl; 1 Triton X-100; and 0.1 SDS) containing protease (Roche) and phosphatase (Sigma) inhibitors and protein concentrations were determined by a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay (Pierce). Proteins (40 mg) were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred (Bio-Rad) to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF, Millipore). Human KLF5 protein expression was quantified using a rabbit polyclonal anti-KLF5 antibody (1:1000, Millipore). KLF5 expression was standardized to glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) using a mouse polyclonal anti-GAPDH antibody (1:5000, Millipore). Primary antibodies were detected using goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Protein levels 25331948 were visualized by Western Lightning Chemiluminescence Reagent Plus (PerkinElmer) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and then quantified by densitometry using the ChemiGenius Gel Bio Imaging System (Syngene).H. pylori strains and growth conditionsThe wild-type cag+ H. pylori strain 60190, or isogenic 60190 cagE2 (cag secretion system ATPase), cagA2 (cag secretion system effector protein), slt2 (soluble lytic transglycosylase, which decreases peptidoglycan synthesis), or vacA2 (vacuolating cytotoxin) mutants, and the wild-type rodent-adapted cag+ H. pylori strain PMSS1 or a PMSS1 cagE2 isogenic mutant were cultured on trypticase soy agar with 5 sheep blood agar plates (BD Biosciences) for in vitro passage, as previously described [19]. Isogenic mutants were also cultured on Brucella agar (BD Biosciences) plates containing 20 mg/ml kanamycin (Sigma) to confirm presence of the kanamycin antibiotic resistance cassette. H. pylori strains were then cultured in Brucella broth (BD Biosciences) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals) for 16 to 18 hours at 37uC with 5 CO2.Murine model of H. pylori infectionAll animal studies were carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approved all protocols and all efforts were made to minimize animal suffering. Male C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Harlan Laboratories and housed in the Vanderbilt University Animal Care Facilities in a room with a 12hour light-dark cycle at 21uC to 22uC. Mice were orogastrically challenged with Brucella broth, as an uninfected (UI) control, with the mouse-adapted wild-type cag+ H. pylori strain PMSS1, or with a PMSS1 cagE2 isogenic mutant. Mice were euthanized at 24, 48, orGastric epithelial cells and co-culture with H. pyloriAGS human gastric epithelial cells (ATCC), isolated from the stomach of a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma, were grown in RPMI 1640 (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals), L-glutamine (2 mM, BD Biosciences), and HEPES buffer (1 mM, Cellgro) at 37uC withKLF5 and H. Pylori-Mediated Gastric Carcinogenesis72 hours or 1, 4, or 8 weeks post-challenge and gastric tissue was harvested for quantitative culture, immunohistochemistry, and 26001275 flow cytometry.H. pylori quantitative cultureTo assess H. pylori colonization, one fourt.
