Ll culture plate with 300 g/mL luciferin in PBS, and imaged using the IVIS imaging system, as described [20]. Intracardiac Avermectin B1aMedChemExpress Avermectin B1a injection metastasis model Cells confirmed to be free of HIV-1 integrase inhibitor 2 site Mycoplasma contamination were collected as above and resuspended in PBS. Intracardiac injections were carried out according to Kang and colleagues [22]. Athymic nude mice aged 4? weeks were injected with D-luciferin as above and then anesthetized with isoflurane. With continuous administration of isoflurane via nose cone to maintain anesthesia, the mice were secured, the anterior chest area was cleansed with betadine and ethanol, and 100,000 cells in 100 L PBS were slowly injected into the left ventricle using a 26-gauge needle. An air bubble at the hub of the needle allowed for backflow of blood upon entry into the left ventricle, and pulsatile flow of oxygenated blood was noted when the needle is correctly placed into the left ventricle. Immediately following injection, the mice were imaged by IVIS to confirm successful injection. Distribution of signal throughout the body was an indicator of “successful” injection directly into the left ventricle, whereas signal concentration in the chest implied lung or right ventricle injection which was designated as an “unsuccessful” injection, and these mice were excluded from the analysis. IVIS imaging was performed weekly to monitor for metastatic tumor establishment and growth, and the sum of ventral and dorsal measurements for each mouse at each timepoint was used for the analysis. All animal procedures were performed under protocols approved by the University of Colorado Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. One experiment per cell line was performed with the exception of 8505C (two experiments). Total mouse numbers from these experiments are listed in Table 2. At the time of sacrifice, tissues were harvested, fixed in 10 formalin, paraffin-embedded, stained with H E according to a standard protocol [7], and interpreted by a pathologist (S.B.S.). Processed bone was decalcified through 24 hour incubation in Decal after fixation in 10 formalin (American MasterTech, Lodi, CA). Statistics Mean and standard deviations were calculated using Microsoft Excel, and graphs were prepared using GraphPad Prism software.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptResultsOrthotopic Model Results Using a well-established orthotopic thyroid cancer model [4, 29, 44, 8, 33, 23, 1], a panel of authenticated anaplastic and papillary thyroid cancer cell lines was assessed for the ability to establish tumors in athymic nude mice, as well as to characterize the growth properties of the resultant tumors. In these studies, 500,000 thyroid cancer cells stably expressing firefly luciferase were injected into the right lobe of athymic nude, and weekly monitoring with an IVIS imaging system allowed for detection of tumor establishment as well as growth surveillance, as described in the Materials and Methods section. Tumor take rates areHorm Cancer. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 June 01.Morrison et al.Pagereported in Table 1 and bioluminescence growth curves are depicted in Fig. 1 for the cell lines that established tumors in the orthotopic tumor model. The duration of experiments varied among cell lines due to animal illness resulting from tumor growth and/or metastasis, lack of tumor establishment or growth over adequate time period, or protracted period of slow growth or low tumor burden. Due to.Ll culture plate with 300 g/mL luciferin in PBS, and imaged using the IVIS imaging system, as described [20]. Intracardiac injection metastasis model Cells confirmed to be free of Mycoplasma contamination were collected as above and resuspended in PBS. Intracardiac injections were carried out according to Kang and colleagues [22]. Athymic nude mice aged 4? weeks were injected with D-luciferin as above and then anesthetized with isoflurane. With continuous administration of isoflurane via nose cone to maintain anesthesia, the mice were secured, the anterior chest area was cleansed with betadine and ethanol, and 100,000 cells in 100 L PBS were slowly injected into the left ventricle using a 26-gauge needle. An air bubble at the hub of the needle allowed for backflow of blood upon entry into the left ventricle, and pulsatile flow of oxygenated blood was noted when the needle is correctly placed into the left ventricle. Immediately following injection, the mice were imaged by IVIS to confirm successful injection. Distribution of signal throughout the body was an indicator of “successful” injection directly into the left ventricle, whereas signal concentration in the chest implied lung or right ventricle injection which was designated as an “unsuccessful” injection, and these mice were excluded from the analysis. IVIS imaging was performed weekly to monitor for metastatic tumor establishment and growth, and the sum of ventral and dorsal measurements for each mouse at each timepoint was used for the analysis. All animal procedures were performed under protocols approved by the University of Colorado Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. One experiment per cell line was performed with the exception of 8505C (two experiments). Total mouse numbers from these experiments are listed in Table 2. At the time of sacrifice, tissues were harvested, fixed in 10 formalin, paraffin-embedded, stained with H E according to a standard protocol [7], and interpreted by a pathologist (S.B.S.). Processed bone was decalcified through 24 hour incubation in Decal after fixation in 10 formalin (American MasterTech, Lodi, CA). Statistics Mean and standard deviations were calculated using Microsoft Excel, and graphs were prepared using GraphPad Prism software.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptResultsOrthotopic Model Results Using a well-established orthotopic thyroid cancer model [4, 29, 44, 8, 33, 23, 1], a panel of authenticated anaplastic and papillary thyroid cancer cell lines was assessed for the ability to establish tumors in athymic nude mice, as well as to characterize the growth properties of the resultant tumors. In these studies, 500,000 thyroid cancer cells stably expressing firefly luciferase were injected into the right lobe of athymic nude, and weekly monitoring with an IVIS imaging system allowed for detection of tumor establishment as well as growth surveillance, as described in the Materials and Methods section. Tumor take rates areHorm Cancer. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 June 01.Morrison et al.Pagereported in Table 1 and bioluminescence growth curves are depicted in Fig. 1 for the cell lines that established tumors in the orthotopic tumor model. The duration of experiments varied among cell lines due to animal illness resulting from tumor growth and/or metastasis, lack of tumor establishment or growth over adequate time period, or protracted period of slow growth or low tumor burden. Due to.
