Yearold P. buy EW-7197 ginseng roots but was found within the yearold P. ginseng stems,leaves and flowers in the transcriptome database. This result may perhaps indicate that the biosynthsis of oleananetype ginsenosides could be actived within the stem,leaf and flower of yearold P. ginseng,but not within the root of the and yearold P. ginseng. Certain CYPs catalyze the conversion of damma renediolII or amyrin to a variety of ginsenosides. Han et al. identified the involvement of CYPA inside the hydroxylation in the C position to yield protopanaxadiolFigure Putative ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. Candidate genes identified in this study are shown in bold. AcetylCoA acetyltransferase (AACT),HMGCoA synthase (HMGS),HMGCoA reductase (HMGR),mevalonate kinase (MVK),phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK),mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MVD),isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI),geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPS),farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS),squalene synthase (SS),squalene epoxidase (SE),amyrin synthase (AS),dammarendiol synthase (DS),UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) and cytochrome P (CYP).Li et al. BMC Genomics ,: biomedcentralPage ofTable Comparison from the unigene numbers from tissues of and yearold P. ginsengGene EC name number AACT . Unigene number Four tissues of year old plant yearold root yearold root Figure Venn diagram with the unigenes inside the roots,stems,leaves and flowers of P. ginseng. Venn diagram showing the overlapping unigenes from P. ginseng: root,stem leaf and flower. A total of ,unigenes had been located in all tissues,whereas some unigenes could only be located in distinct tissue (root ,,stem ,,leaf ,and flower ,),and others overlapped in two or even three tissues.HMGS . HMGR . MVK PMK MVD IDI GPS FPS PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25611386 SS SE AS DS . In this study,putative CYP unigenes had been identified,like the CYPA gene. Determined by our CYP pool,further research will probably be performed to determine other CYPs that may participate in ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. ginseng. Glycosylation,the transfer of activated saccharides to an aglycone substrate,may be the predominant sort of modification that occurs within the final step of ginsenoside biosynthesis. Glycosylation of dammaraneand oleananetype aglycones is expected for ginsenoside bioactivity. In this study,putative UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) unigenes had been located in the P. ginseng transcriptome,of which showed a higher sequence similarity to the candidate glucosidase genes identified in P. quinquefolius by Sun et al. . These putative P. ginseng UGTs incorporated contig,contig,contig,contig,contig and contig from the database derived from assembling all tissues simultaneously. The roles of those candidate UGT unigenes in ginsenoside biosynthesis need to be further characterizedparative and Gene Ontology analyses of P. ginseng root,stem,leaf and flower unigenesUnigene sequences from the P. ginseng 4 tissues were compared with each and every other and was shown by a Venn diagram (Figure. The four tissues shared ,unigenes,which most likely incorporate housekeeping genes playing crucial roles in P. ginseng. The amount of unigenes only can be discovered within the database of each and every tissue was ,for the root,,for the stem,,for the leaf and ,for the flower. The amount of unigenes which can only be found in root database was highest among the 4 tissues,possibly since that the root expressedmore genes than the other three tissues. The unigenes only located in the stem,leaf and flower databases corresponded to . with the novel genes discovered in our study and may represent genes controlling developme.
