Lving 12 M sodium hydroxide powder (Sigma ldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA
Lving 12 M sodium hydroxide powder (Sigma ldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, analytical grade) and sodium silicate (technical grade) in appropriate ratio (volume ratio Na2 SiO3 /NaOH = 1.5). Commercially accessible Nd2 O3 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium, 99.9 ) and Sm2 O3 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, 99+) powder was mixed during procedure of geopolymerization in geopolymer paste. The two weight fractions of each of these oxides (1 and 5 ) have been made use of in method of preparation of geopolymer samples. Metakaolin/Nd2 O3 , Sm2 O3 along with the alkaline option (solid/liquid ratio was 1.0) had been mixed for 15 min then left at space temperature for one particular day. Following that, the mixture was kept at 60 C for further two days in appropriate covered molds and subsequently aged at room temperature in controlled conditions for 28 days. 4.2. Procedures and CharacterizationThermodynamic parameters of activating remedy had been examined. Working with the Anton Paar DSA 5000 M digital densitometer, the density too because the speed of sound were measured. The range of density measurements on this device is from 0 to three 10-3 kgm-3 , along with the speed of sound is from 1000 to 2000 m s-1 . Experimental measurement of refractive index was performed on an automatic refractometer (model Anton Paar RXA 156), which operates at a wavelength of 589 nm. The device includes a built-in thermostat with an accuracy of .03 K by which the temperature in the samples is kept continual in the course of the measurement. The measurement array of the refractive index is from 1.32 to 1.56. For all thermodynamics parameters, all measurements had been performed within the temperature variety from 288.15 K to 333.15 K. Diffuse Olesoxime Protocol reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is a low-priced, rapidly and nondestructive way of evaluating clay minerals and their items [25]. Drift spectra had been obtained making use of the Perkin lmer FTIR spectrometer. Around 5Gels 2021, 7,14 ofsamples were dispersed in oven-dried spectroscopic grade KBr with the refractive index of 1.559 and particle size of 50 . Background KBr spectra were obtained and spectra have been rationed to the background. The spectra were scanned at 4 cm-1 resolution and collected within the mid-IR region from 4000 to 400 cm-1 .XRD measurements were carried out at space temperature applying Ultima IV Rigaku diffractometer, equipped with CuK1,two radiation, employing a generator voltage (40.0 kV) along with a generator existing (40.0 mA). The selection of 50 2 was utilised for all powders within a continuous scan mode having a scanning step size of 0.02 and at a scan rate of 5 /min applying D/TeX Ultrahigh-speed detector. Samples had been crushed inside the in a porcelain mortar towards the fineness of a fine powder. Si onocrystalline sample carrier was used. The PDXL2 (Ver. 2.8.4.0) computer software was utilised to evaluate the phase identification and microstructure properties of material [62,63]. All obtained powders had been identified making use of the ICDD information base [64]. For phase identification, chosen PDF card numbers were employed: Quartz (SiO2 ; 01-079-6237), Albite (Na(AlSi3 O8 ); 01-0840982), Muscovite (KAl2 (Si,Al)four O10 (OH)2 ; 00-058-2036), Samarium Oxide (Sm2 O3 ; 00-042-1464), Neodymium Hydroxide Nd (OH)3 , 01-070-0214) and Neodymium oxide (Nd2 O3 , 00-006-0408). XPS analysis was performed utilizing a SPECS instrument for detailed chemical 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid web composition characterization employing X-ray-induced photoelectron spectroscopy. Extra detailed explanation can be found in Nenadovic et al., 2017 [31] and Ivanovic et al., 2020 [33]. Photoelectron emission was exc.
